牲畜和家禽中的代谢组学

代谢组是在参与生物体代谢并保持其正常生长和发育的生物体或细胞中的所有小分子代谢产物的集合，通常在分子量中不到1000 DA。

Metabolomics is a discipline that studies the collection of all small molecule metabolites in cells, tissues and organs, and indicates the biochemical status of an organism by qualitative and quantitative analysis of small molecule substances, and also looks for the correlation between metabolites and the physiopathology of the organism, changes in the genetic environment, etc.

申请of metabolomics in the livestock and poultry industry

使用质谱法检测生物样品中的代谢产物serum,urine以及不同品种（线条）的组织和牲畜和家禽的性别，一些小分子可以筛选为生物标志物，以区分品种（线）和性别，为不同品种（线条）的表征和畜牧性别提供了理论基础和具有不同特征的家禽。

Metabolic small molecules can reflect the physiological state and phenotype of the organism, and the use of metabolite phenotypes can characterize complex phenotypes more accurately.

此外，对农业动物的繁重经济特征的标记代谢物筛查以及标记代谢物在标记辅助选择中的应用可以提高选择准确性。

During the development of livestock and poultry farming, the occurrence of diseases often has a great impact on the growth and economic efficiency of livestock and poultry. However, the prevention and treatment of many diseases are very difficult. The organism often causes changes in the level of metabolites in the body before and after the occurrence of diseases, and the use of metabolomics allows for early diagnosis and the identification of disease-related biomarkers by testing biological samples such as blood and urine.

乳头前奶牛的血清代谢指纹（Dervishi）等., 2020).

食品质量与人类健康密切相关，食品安全引起了人们的关注。动物繁殖产生的好品种主要为人类提供丰富的食物。影响食物风味的挥发性物质主要是小分子，分子量小于1000 da。以前的宏观表型方法无法表征这种特定表型。随着代谢组检测平台和代谢物数据库的提高，可以准确确定并深入研究此类物质，以提供代谢物表型，以改善动物产品的风味。此外，代谢组还可以提供对食物中存在于非常低或难以分离的食物中存在的化学污染物以及肉类掺假的快速准确检测。

Metabolomics analysis strategies

代谢组学分析不同的策略选择widely depending on the purpose of the assay. Commonly used metabolomics strategies include untargeted metabolomics, and targeted metabolomics.

• Untargeted metabolomics

Untargeted metabolomics, also known as discovery metabolomics, provides a comprehensive and systematic determination and analysis of endogenous substances in biological samples. The main features are unbiased analysis of metabolites in samples, the ability to characterize and screen the overall profile of small molecule substances in samples, and differential or pathway analysis by bioinformatic methods. Currently, untargeted metabolomics is widely used in various fields such as biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, food flavor and safety.

• 靶向代谢组学

靶向代谢组学analysis is a technique for the determination of a few, dozens, or classes of known target compounds of interest. Typically, untargeted metabolomics is used to discover differential metabolites, which are then further systematically validated using targeted metabolomics. Its main feature is the accurate identification and absolute quantification of metabolites of concern, which is more analytically relevant. Complementing the advantages of untargeted metabolomics, it is mainly applied in various research fields such as drug development, metabolic disease diagnosis and mechanism research.

Reference

1. Dervishi，E.，Zhang，G.，Zwierzchowski，G.，等。(2020). Serum metabolic fingerprinting of pre-lameness dairy cows by GC–MS reveals typical profiles that can identify susceptible cows.Journal of proteomics，213，103620。