微生物代谢组学的应用

Microbial metabolomics seeks to analyze all metabolites in a biological system, so the emphasis is on retaining and reflecting as much information as possible about the total metabolites throughout the process. At present,微生物代谢组学has been widely used in many research fields.

在突变筛查和功能基因的研究中，微生物代谢组学可用于区分动物中细菌性肺炎的不同病原体，并早期诊断出儿科感染性休克。在食品和营养中，已经应用了微生物代谢组学来揭示病原体和毒素的降解过程，以及食物中有毒物质的检测，为食品安全监测提供了新的方法。使用基因组学，转录组学，蛋白质组学和代谢组学来探索乳酸细菌和其他肠道微生物对肠道的影响也是当前的研究热点之一。微生物代谢组学方法不仅能够在乳酸菌作用下检测肠道的代谢物变化，而且还可以阐明乳酸代谢途径对宿主细胞的影响。此外，肠道菌群也是系统生物学和代谢组学研究的重点。

Microbial metabolome in the study of gut microbes

微生物定居于宿主肠道是胃肠道生态系统的重要组成部分。它们的功能和新陈代谢与宿主健康和疾病密切相关，防止病原体感染，通过自己的代谢为宿主提供能量，增强身体免疫力并与宿主相互作用以调节代谢表型。

Under normal conditions, the structure of the intestinal flora plays an important role in the prevention and control of diseases. However, dysbiosis of the gut flora and altered microbial biodiversity can have a number of adverse effects on the host, leading to the development of various gastrointestinal, metabolic and immune disorders. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the role of intestinal flora and host metabolites in host health and disease through metabolomics techniques.

图1.通过肠激素释放对宿主代谢的微生物调节（马丁等。, 2019).

微生物代谢组在土壤环境微生物研究中

The production and release of small molecule metabolites in soil microbial communities and the consumption of metabolic activities constitute a complex system of extracellular metabolites of soil microorganisms, which is a direct reflection of the metabolic state of microbial communities. Studying the extracellular metabolites of microbial communities under different conditions can guide us to better understand the stress response of microorganisms.

The complexity of the soil environment and the difficulty of processing and analyzing soil microbial metabolite samples are among the reasons for the lack of research on extracellular metabolites in the soil environment. The organic compounds that make up soil organic matter are present in different levels of soil structure and their bioavailability varies. Among them, dissolved organic matter is the most readily available to soil microorganisms. Most of the dissolved organic matter present in soils is derived from microbial metabolism and cellular decomposition. Therefore, studies on the correlation between soil organic matter and microbial metabolites can be established.

Fig 2. Application of soil metabolomics (Withers等。, 2020).

Microbial metabolome in food microbiology research

食品安全一直至关重要。食物微生物降解产生的病原体，毒素和副产品与食品安全问题密切相关。微生物代谢组学为食品安全评估提供了新的策略，并已成功应用于食物中有毒物质的检测。例如，已经使用GC-MS技术研究了与特定微生物污染相关的挥发性代谢产物的指纹识别，并使用LC-MS和NMR技术检测到食物中的微生物毒素。

In addition, microbial metabolomics has been applied to assess the effects of nutrient deficiencies and excesses on the metabolic homeostasis of the organism, to monitor more precisely the effects of diet on the organism, and to reduce the interference of confounding factors such as age, gender, physiological status and lifestyle.

致病细菌研究中的微生物代谢组学

质谱法是真菌植物病变真菌研究中最常用的代谢组学分析技术，可广泛用于致病细菌中二级代谢物的突变和检测和筛查。此外，微生物代谢组学已应用于致病细菌感染引起的疾病的诊断。例如，粪便中挥发性有机化合物的GC-MS分析表明，代谢组学技术可用于区分由不同的致病细菌引起的腹泻。

参考

1. Martin, A. M., Sun, E. W., Rogers, G. B., & Keating, D. J. (2019). The influence of the gut microbiome on host metabolism through the regulation of gut hormone release. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 428.
2. Withers，E.，Hill，P。W.，Chadwick，D。R.和Jones，D。L.（2020）。使用未靶向的代谢组学来评估土壤质量和微生物功能。土壤生物学和生物化学，143，107758。

Related Sections

Microbial Metabolomics Service

Food Metabolomics Service

Metabolomic Approaches for Microbial Research